This is to address Carrie's comment (I really enjoyed your math, but it looks like you may have overestimated the amount of milk produced per day). I really, really take issue with the BFing taking 500-700 cals/day. The Bois is probably eating 35 - 40oz a day. There are 20 cal in each ounce of milk. So he is ingesting ~700-800 cals, but for sure it must take more cals for your body to manufacture it, KWIM?
DRI, Dietary Reference Intakes: For Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food, and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2005.
2. Most studies indicate that lactation has little effect on post-partum weight loss (didn't come up, but just an fyi). The biggest factor affecting your post-partum weight is how much you gain in pregnancy (see previous posts from when I was pregnant).
1. Brewer, MM, Bates, MR, Vannoy, LP. Postpartum changes in maternal weight and body fat depots in lactating vs nonlactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49:259.
2. Dugdale, AE, Eaton-Evans, J. The effect of lactation and other factors on post-partum changes in body-weight and triceps skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 1989; 61:149.
3. Öhlin, A, Rössner, S. Maternal body weight development after pregnancy. Int J Obes 1990; 14:159.
4. Schauberger, CW, Rooney, BL, Brimer, LM. Factors that influence weight loss in the puerperium. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79:424.
5. Parker, JD, Abrams, B. Differences in postpartum weight retention between black and white mothers. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81:768.
6. Greene, GW, Smiciklas-Wright, H, Scholl, TO, Karp, RJ. Postpartum weight change: how much of the weight gained in pregnancy will be lost after delivery?. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71:701.
3. You need at least 1500 calories/day to maintain your milk supply.
2. Michaelsen, KF. Nutrition and growth during infancy. The Copenhagen Cohort Study. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997; 420:1.
3. Hennart, P, Vis, HL. Breast-feeding and post partum amenorrhoea in Central Africa. 1. Milk production in rural areas. J Trop Pediatr 1980; 26:177.
4. van Steenbergen, WM, Kusin, JA, Kardjati, S, de With, C. Energy supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy in East Java, Indonesia: Effect on breast-milk output. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50:274.
5. Brown, KH, Akhtar, NA, Robertson, AD, Ahmed, MG. Lactational capacity of marginally nourished mothers: relationships between maternal nutritional status and quantity and proximate composition of milk. Pediatrics 1986; 78:909.
6. Imong, SM, Jackson, DA, Wongsawasdii, L, et al. Predictors of breast milk intake in rural Northern Thailand. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 8:359.
7. de Kanashiro, HC, Brown, KH, Lopez de, Romana G, et al. Consumption of food and nutrients by infants in Huascar (Lima), Peru. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52:995.
8. Orr-Ewing, AK, Heywood, PF, Coward, WA. Longitudinal measurements of breast milk output by a 2H2O tracer technique in rural Papua New Guinean women. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986; 40:451.
9. Prentice, A, Paul, A, Prentice, A, et al. Cross-cultural differences in lactational performance. In: Human Lactation 2:Maternal and Environmental Factors, Hamosh M, Goldman AS (Eds), Plenum Press, New York 1986. p.13.
10. Strode, MA, Dewey, KG, Lonnerdal, B. Effects of short-term caloric restriction on lactational performance of well-nourished women. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986; 75:222.
Longer periods of dieting are also had no adverse effect. In one report, 22 of 33 women who completed a 10-week weight reduction program lost an average of 5 kg. Daily milk production was similar at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks (759 versus 802 mL).
2. McCrory, MA, Nommsen-Rivers, LA, Molé, PA, et al. Randomized trial of the short-term effects of dieting compared with dieting plus aerobic exercise on lactation performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:959.
3. Butte, NF. Dieting and exercise in overweight, lactating women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:502.
Bone mineral content declines during lactation, and compensatory remineralization occurs after you stop breastfeeding and normal cyclical menses start again.
1. Kent, GN, Price, RI, Gutteridge, DH, et al. Human lactation: Forearm trabecular bone loss, increased bone turnover, and renal conservation of calcium and inorganic phosphate with recovery of bone mass following weaning. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5:361.
2. Lamke, B, Brundin, J, Moberg, P. Changes of bone mineral content during pregnancy and lactation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1977; 56:217.
3. Specker, BL, Tsang, RC, Ho, ML. Changes in calcium homeostasis over the first year postpartum: Effect of lactation and weaning. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 78:56.
4. Sowers, M, Corton, G, Shapiro, B, et al. Changes in bone density with lactation. JAMA 1993; 269:3130.
7. Exercise doesn't affect milk production
Dewey, KG, Lovelady, CA, Nommsen-Rivers, LA, et al. A randomized study of the effects of aerobic exercise by lactating women on breast-milk volume and composition. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:449.
8. Protein and mineral content of milk do not change with the mother's diet. Fat and vitamin content DO change with a mother's diet.
See Uptodate Article Maternal nutrition during lactation by Nancy F. Butte, PhD for #8 and more on this subject.
s.a and mommy dearest had some concerns about introducing solid foods too early. Here is what I learned.
Interestingly, one study notes that by 4 months of age, most infants usually have doubled their birth weight. When infants have doubled their birth weight, and weigh at least 13 pounds (5.9 kg), they may need to begin supplementing their liquid diet with additional foods to support growth and satisfy hunger [10] . The Bois actually doubled his birth weight (to 12 lbs) a long time ago and he now weighs 14.8 lbs... I no longer blame my diet or exercise for his hunger!!!!!
Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Supplemental foods for infants. In: Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 4th ed, Kleinman, RE (Ed), American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 1998. p.43.
1. Committee on Nutrition American Academy of Pediatrics. Supplemental foods for infants. In: Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 4th ed, 2.Kleinman, RE (Ed), American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 1998. p.43.
3.Guthie, HA. Introduction of solid foods – Part 2. Consequences of early and late timing. In-Touch 1998; 15:1.
4.Underwood, BA, Hofvander, Y. Appropriate timing for complementary feeding of the breast-fed infant. A review. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1982; 294:1.
5.Illingworth, RS, Lister, J. The critical or sensitive period, with special reference to certain feeding problems in infants and children. J Pediatr 1964; 65:839.
Breastfed ≥1 to 3 months: 101.7
Breastfed 4 to 6 months: 102.3
Breastfed 7 to 9 months: 106.0
Breastfed >9 months: 104
See Uptodate article Infant Benefits of Breastfeeding by Richard J Schanler, MD
Of course, I'm not even getting into the maternal and economic benefits.
So what am I going to do with this information? Eat a more varied diet, supplement The Bois with formula until he's four months (that's is a little over a week) and then start rice cereal fortified with iron (assuming he has good enough neck and tongue control). And again, I don't blame my diet or exercise for the inadequate milk supply considering how much he has grown since his birth and what a little artist he is.